G. Qiao, G.N. Barakos

Today, most innovative eVTOL designs, such as those with distributed propulsion systems, are equipped with multiple rotors and propellers. This introduces complex interactional aerodynamics and aeroacoustics that remain largely unexplored and not fully comprehended. This work starts from the discussion of the efforts made by the GARTEUR Action Group AG-26 to address the issue of noise generation and propagation in isolated and multirotor systems. The University of Glasgow, as a member of the action group, has focused on developing and validating numerical methods based on test data obtained by the experimental team at DLR's Acoustic Wind Tunnel Braunschweig (AWB). A comprehensive series of validation studies was conducted on the DLR 13x7 rotor in isolated hover, edge-wise flight, coplanar and tandem configurations with shifts in the two directions. The results substantiate the capability of the HMB3 tool to accurately resolve interactional aerodynamics, and the applied simulation strategy is sufficient to capture noise emissions at the experimental level. Additionally, the validation included conformal folding high lift propeller and cruise efficient wing designs from the X-57 aircraft, and the NASA Workshop for Integrated Propeller Prediction (WIPP), showcasing the capabilities and accuracy of the HMB3 tools, and the simulation strategy used, even when addressing cases involving installation effects. Employing the same approach, subsequent explorations included distributed propulsion systems. The incorporation of single and multiple propellers into the lifting surface has revealed that overwing configurations demonstrate lower propeller performance. However, the performance from the lifting surface experiences a marked enhancement, particularly at higher RPMs, resulting in an better propulsive efficiency.

49th European Rotorcraft Forum 2023, Bückeburg, 2023

Conference Paper

englisch

21,0 x 29,7 cm, 12 Seiten

DGLR-Bericht, 2023, 2023-01, 49th European Rotorcraft Forum 2023 - Proceedings; S.1-12; 2023; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V., Bonn

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2023